Piles, also known as hemorrhoids, are swollen and inflamed veins in the anus or rectum that can cause discomfort, pain, and bleeding. They are often the result of straining during bowel movements, obesity, or pregnancy. They may not always be visible, but when swollen, they appear as red or discoloured lumps. Hemorrhoids vary in size and can be classified as internal or external.
- Internal piles are located 2 to 4 cm inside the anus and are the most common type.
- External piles form on the outer edge of the anus and may cause itching and discomfort.
How Common Are Piles?
Piles are a widespread condition, affecting approximately three out of every four adults at some point in their lives. While many cases resolve on their own, it is important to consult a doctor if the condition causes pain, disrupts bowel movements, or affects daily activities.
Types of Hemorrhoids:
- Internal hemorrhoids - Located inside the rectum, typically painless but may cause bleeding.
- External hemorrhoids - Develop outside the anus, often itchy, painful, and may form lumps.
- Prolapsed hemorrhoids - Internal hemorrhoids that extend outside the anus, potentially causing discomfort.
- Thrombosed hemorrhoids - Blood clots form within external hemorrhoids, leading to severe pain and swelling.
Prolapsed and thrombosed hemorrhoids have a higher risk of complications. Hemorrhoids are graded on a scale from 1 to 4, with grades 3 and 4 potentially requiring surgical intervention.
Common Symptoms of Piles:
Pain while passing stool.
Bleeding after a bowel movement.
A painful, hard lump around the anus.
Itching, soreness, and redness near the anal area.
Discomfort, especially while sitting or during bowel movements.
Mucus discharge from the anus.
In some cases, piles may exist without noticeable symptoms. The dentate line serves as a boundary between the rectum and anus:
Internal hemorrhoids develop above this line.
External hemorrhoids form below this line.
Causes of Piles:
Low-fiber diet.
Chronic constipation or diarrhea.
Straining during bowel movements.
Anal intercourse.
Ageing, as the anal canal, weakens over time.
Persistent coughing.
Pregnancy, due to increased abdominal pressure.
Regular heavy lifting.
Preventive Measures:
Increase fibre intake in your diet.
Stay active to support healthy digestion.
Do not delay bowel movements when you feel the urge.
Maintain proper hygiene in the anal area.
Avoid heavy lifting.
Do not sit for extended periods.
Avoid alcohol consumption.
Managing Piles at Home:
Piles are often self-diagnosable and usually improve within a few days. However, without proper care, they may persist for years. Here are some ways to manage and ease discomfort:
Eat a light dinner to reduce digestive strain.
Avoid spicy and oily foods, which can worsen symptoms.
Drink plenty of water to ease bowel movements.
Use water for cleaning instead of toilet paper to prevent irritation.
Consume fibre-rich fruit smoothies to aid digestion.
Lifestyle Changes for Better Recovery:
Practice yoga poses like Sarvangasana and Janusirasana, which support healing.
Keep a water bottle nearby and drink frequently.
Include fibre-rich foods such as lentils, legumes, vegetables, oats, and curry leaves.
Final Thoughts:
Piles can be uncomfortable and frustrating, but they are manageable with proper diet, lifestyle changes, and medical guidance. Don't panic, adopting healthy habits alongside medication (if needed) can help you recover effectively.
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