Organic Farming was introduced by Sir Albert Howard, recognized as the Father of Organic Farming. It is a practice of cultivating crops that involves various eco-friendly methods. It is a form of agriculture that depends on techniques such as crop rotation, green manure, compost and biological pest control. It promotes the sustainable health and productivity of the ecosystem like soil, plants, animals and human. The supreme goal of organic production is to develop enterprises that are sustainable and amicable with the environment. In this method, inorganic products such as chemical fertilizers, insecticides, fungicides and pesticides are not used. At present organic farming is being practiced across the world on a large scale.
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Organic Farming Features:
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1. The primary features of organic farming incorporate.
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2. Organic farming helps to protect the long-term fertility of soils by maintaining organic matter levels, promoting soil biological activities and careful mechanical intervention.
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3. Nitrogen is a very important component in maintaining a healthy biological ecosystem.
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4. Weed, disease and pest control can be done in organic farming through crop rotations, natural predators, diversity and organic manuring.
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5. Enriching crop nutrients, where necessary by using nutrient sources that are made available to the plant indirectly by the action of soil micro-organisms and chemical reactions in the soil.
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6. Careful attention to the impact of the farming system on the wider environment and the conservation of wildlife and natural habitats.
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Organic Farming Techniques:
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Seeds
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All of the seeds that are used must be free of genetically modified organisms (GMO). Only certified organic seeds are to be used.
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Irrigation
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Irrigation water is to be supplied from a naturally occurring artesian flowage over 500 feet below the farm's surface.
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Weed Control
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Organic weed control standards must be strictly adhered to at the Standard Process Farm. The main methods of weed management include:
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1. Cultivating
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2. Mowing
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3. Hand weeding
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4. Cover crops
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5. Crop flamer
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Environmental Buffers
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The farm should be surrounded by environmental buffers to minimize the impact of non-agricultural land and chemical inputs from traditional farming practices.
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Benefits of organic farming:
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1. Farmers can reduce their production costs because there is no need to buy expensive chemicals and fertilizers.
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2. In the long run, organic farms save energy and protect the environment.
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3. Organic farming effectively enhances Soil Nourishment.
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4. Pollution of groundwater will be reduced and even stopped.
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Steps to a Successful Organic Transition:
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1. Understand the basics of organic agriculture and the organic farming standards.
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2. Identify resources that will help you.
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3. Plan your transition carefully.
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4. Understand your soil and ways to improve them.
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5. Identify the crops or livestock suited for your situation.
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6. Design good crop rotations.
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7. Identify pest challenges and methods of control.
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Way to forward Organic Farming:
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1. Research to improve knowledge and relevant methods that will enhance productivity.
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2. Development of common standards in organic agriculture.
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3. Develop and strengthen local markets and exports.
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4. Home processing of organic products.
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