Nail fungus, also known as onychomycosis or tinea unguium, is a widespread condition affecting over 10 million people annually in India. It typically starts as a small white or yellow spot under the tip of the fingernail or toenail. If left untreated, the infection can spread deeper, leading to pain and discomfort, especially when fungal growth becomes extensive. While anyone can develop this condition, individuals with diabetes, nail injuries or surgeries, poor circulation, athlete's foot, or a weakened immune system are at higher risk.
Types of Fungal Nail Infections:
Distal or lateral subungual onychomycosis - The most common form.
White superficial onychomycosis - Affects the nail surface.
Proximal subungual onychomycosis - Starts at the nail base.
Candida onychomycosis - Caused by yeast infections.
Symptoms of Fungal Nail Infection:
Discolouration ranges from white to yellow-brown.
Thickened nails.
Brittle, crumbly, or ragged nails.
Darkened nails due to debris buildup underneath.
Foul odour from the affected area.
Changes in nail shape or distortion.
Scaling (hyperkeratosis) under the nail.
Separation of the nail from the nail bed.
A yellow spot forms at the base of the nail.
Causes of Nail Fungus:
Direct contact with an infected person.
Wearing shoes for long periods, as fungi thrive in warm, moist environments.
Sharing personal grooming tools like nail clippers and emery boards.
Exposure to public swimming pools and communal showers.
Diagnosis:
A doctor may diagnose nail fungus by examining debris scraped from beneath the nail. The most common tests include a potassium hydroxide (KOH) smear or a fungal culture. While KOH tests provide quick results, fungal cultures take longer. Other conditions, such as psoriasis, eczema, lichen planus, contact dermatitis, and yellow nail syndrome, can cause similar symptoms.
Preventive Measures:
Keep your feet dry and clean.
Avoid walking barefoot in public showers, locker rooms, and pools.
Choose salons that follow proper sterilization protocols and are licensed by the cosmetology board.
Do not share socks, shoes, or nail grooming tools.
Trim your nails regularly and maintain proper hygiene.
Why Treatment is Important?
Many people ignore nail fungus until they experience pain. However, without treatment, the infection can spread to surrounding areas and, in severe cases, make walking difficult.
Management and Treatment:
Use over-the-counter antifungal creams or ointments.
Prescription antifungal pills may be required for severe cases.
Hydrogen peroxide can help eliminate toenail fungus, but consult a medical professional before use.
By taking preventive measures and seeking timely treatment, you can effectively manage nail fungus and prevent complications.
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