Kidney stones, also known as nephrolithiasis, are hard deposits primarily composed of minerals and salts from urine. The movement or passage of kidney stones can be extremely painful. However, when identified and treated in a timely manner, they do not cause permanent damage. Waste products from the blood can sometimes form crystals that accumulate in the kidney, eventually leading to the formation of hard, stone-like lumps.
Types of Kidney Stones:
1) Calcium stones
2) Uric acid stones
3) Cystine stones
4) Struvite stones
The type of kidney stone plays a significant role in determining the disease prognosis. Among calcium stones, there are two variants: calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcium oxalate dihydrate. The monohydrate type is harder and more resistant to fragmentation.
Signs and Symptoms of Kidney Stones:
Pain in the back or upper side of the body.
Burning sensation or pain during urination.
Frequent or urgent need to urinate.
Cloudy or foul-smelling urine.
Blood in the urine.
Persistent stomach pain.
Fever and chills.
Nausea and vomiting.
Once a kidney stone forms, it may either remain in the kidney or travel down the urinary tract into the ureter. Small stones often pass naturally through urine without causing severe discomfort. However, larger stones that do not move can obstruct urine flow, leading to complications.
Causes of Kidney Stones:
Kidney stones develop when substances in urine crystallize due to insufficient urine volume. The most common cause is not drinking enough water, which leads to highly concentrated urine, facilitating stone formation.
Kidney stones are not just an adult condition; they can occur in children as young as five years old.
Preventive Measures:
Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water is the most important preventive step.
Reduce Sodium Intake: Excess sodium can contribute to kidney stone formation.
Consume Calcium-Rich Foods: Include dairy products, tofu, and oysters in your diet.
Avoid Vitamin C Supplements: Excess vitamin C is converted into oxalate by the kidneys, increasing the risk of calcium oxalate stones. However, vitamin C obtained naturally from food does not pose the same risk.
Limit Animal Protein Consumption: Excessive intake of animal protein can increase the likelihood of stone formation.
Be Cautious with Medications: Some prescription and over-the-counter drugs may contribute to kidney stones. Always consult a doctor before starting new medications.
Managing Kidney Stones:
While kidney stones can be painful, they can often be managed effectively with these tips:
Drink at least 2-3 litres of water daily.
Over-the-counter pain relievers (as prescribed by a doctor) can help manage discomfort.
Consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Modify Your Diet:
- Include calcium-rich foods such as milk, cheese, and yogurt.
- Reduce fiber intake.
- Avoid foods high in oxalates, such as spinach, nuts, peanuts, and wheat bran, if you have calcium oxalate stones.
Yoga Asanas for Kidney Stones:
Practicing yoga may help ease discomfort and promote kidney health. The following asanas are beneficial:
- Ushtrasana (Camel Pose)
- Uttanpadasana (Raised Leg Pose)
- Pawanmuktasana (Wind-Relieving Pose)
- Bhujangasana (Cobra Pose)
- Dhanurasana (Bow Pose)
By following these preventive and management strategies, you can reduce the risk of kidney stones and alleviate symptoms if they occur.
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