Itching, also known as pruritus, is an irritating, uncontrollable, and uncomfortable sensation that triggers the urge to scratch for relief. Depending on the cause, itching may worsen at night.
- Generalized itching affects the entire body.
- Localized itching is confined to a specific area.
Rashes are visible changes in the skin's colour or texture, sometimes caused by itching. However, not all rashes are itchy, and identifying the exact cause of itching can often be challenging.
The skin serves as a vital protective barrier for the immune system. It contains specialized cells that detect harmful microbes and trigger an inflammatory response to defend the body.
How the Skin Responds to Itching:
The skin serves as a vital physiological barrier for the immune system. It contains specialized cells that detect harmful microbes and trigger an inflammatory response to protect the body. Common signs of itching include:
Redness
Scaly or leathery patches
Scratch marks
Cracked or dry skin
Blisters, bumps, or spots
Persistent itching that disrupts daily activities can significantly impact the quality of life.
Common Causes of Itching:
Skin conditions such as psoriasis and eczema.
Dry skin.
Allergic reactions to food or pollen.
Reaction to marine life or a plant.
Insect bites.
Certain medications.
Exposure to harsh chemicals (especially for skin and hair care)
Parasites such as head and body lice, pinworms, and scabies.
Thyroid disorders.
Liver or kidney disease.
Certain cancer treatments.
Neurological disorders: Nerve-related issues causing skin itchiness.
Hives (Urticaria) are raised, itchy welts on the skin, distinct from common rashes due to their unique appearance.
Preventive Measures for Itching:
Keep your skin moisturized throughout all seasons.
Use fragrance-free skincare products to prevent irritation.
Bathe with lukewarm water instead of hot water.
Avoid rough fabrics like wool, which can trigger irritation.
Maintain good personal hygiene:
- Wash hands frequently.
- Clean your feet thoroughly after coming from outside.
- Practice proper intimate hygiene to prevent fungal and bacterial infections.
- Wear clean, well-dried undergarments.
- Avoid sharing clothes.
While most itching episodes are temporary, persistent itching accompanied by skin texture or colour changes, full-body involvement, or symptoms lasting over three weeks despite self-care should be evaluated by a doctor.
Managing Acute Itching:
Resist the urge to scratch to prevent further irritation.
Gently pinch or pat the itchy area instead of scratching.
Apply a cold compress to soothe the itchy skin.
Use over-the-counter creams and medications (after consulting a doctor).
Keep your skin hydrated with moisturizers and low-pH skin cleansers.
By following these guidelines, you can effectively manage itching and maintain healthy skin.
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