Hiccups are involuntary contractions of the diaphragm, medically known as 'singultus'. The diaphragm is a muscle that separates the abdomen from the chest and plays a crucial role in breathing. Each contraction is followed by the sudden closure of the vocal cords, producing the characteristic 'hic' sound. Hiccups can affect anyone and are often rhythmic. Interestingly, they can even occur in fetuses while still in the womb.
Types of Hiccups:
Hiccups are classified into three categories based on their duration:
Acute Hiccups: Last for less than 48 hours.
Persistent Hiccups: Continue for more than two days.
Intractable Hiccups: Persist for over a month.
Babies and young children are more prone to hiccups than adults since they inhale more air per pound of body weight. Hiccupping itself is a symptom, typically felt as a sharp spasm or contraction beneath the breastbone. Prolonged hiccups can lead to discomfort, including chest or shoulder pain, difficulty eating and speaking, and disruptions to daily activities.
Causes of Hiccups:
In children:
Swallowing excess air or eating too quickly.
Excessive laughter.
Drinking carbonated beverages.
In adults:
Excitement or emotional stress.
Excessive alcohol consumption.
Swallowing air while sucking on candy or chewing gum.
Sudden temperature changes.
Gastroesophageal reflux (common in both children and adults).
Other Possible Causes:
Tumors.
Stroke.
Meningitis or encephalitis.
Sore throat.
Diabetes.
Barbiturates.
Kidney disease.
Steroids.
Electrolyte imbalance.
Risk Factors:
Hiccups may also be triggered by anxiety, stress, or abdominal surgery.
Preventive Measures:
For children:
Feed them slowly.
Avoid foods and drinks that trigger hiccups.
Do not give them chewing gum or hard candy.
For adults:
Eat slowly.
Avoid carbonated drinks and spicy foods.
Limit alcohol intake.
Quit smoking.
Managing Hiccups:
Hiccups are usually harmless and tend to resolve on their own, but they can be bothersome. Here are some tips to manage them:
For children:
Gently tap or rub their back.
Give them cold water to drink.
Peppermint tea.
Encourage them to hold their breath briefly.
Let them suck on something sour, like a lemon.
Try tickling them.
For adults:
Swallow a teaspoon of sugar.
Pull your knees to your chest and lean forward.
Place a few drops of vinegar in your mouth.
Slowly drink a glass of warm water without pausing to breathe.
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