Gout, also known as gouty arthritis, is a prevalent and complex form of arthritis. The term "arthritis" refers to joint inflammation. Gout occurs when excess uric acid in the body forms sharp crystals in the big toe or other joints, triggering painful and swollen episodes known as gout attacks. Research suggests that gout tends to develop earlier in men than in women, typically occurring in women after menopause.
Risk Factors for Gout:
Several factors can increase the risk of developing gout, including:
Obesity.
Diabetes.
Congestive heart failure.
Hypertension (high blood pressure).
Kidney disease.
Family history of gout.
Stages of Gout Progression:
'Chronic tophaceous gout' is a dangerous type of gout and may result in permanent damage to the joints as well as kidneys. These are the 4 stages of gout progression.
Stage 1: High uric acid levels in the body.
Stage 2: Acute gout.
Stage 3: Intercritical gout.
Stage 4: Chronic gout.
People often confuse gout and pseudogout. The key difference is that gout is caused by sodium urate crystals, while pseudogout results from calcium pyrophosphate crystals.
Symptoms of Gout:
Severe joint pain commonly affects the knees, ankles, elbows, fingers, and wrists.
Swelling and inflammation in the affected joints.
Redness around the joints.
Limited range of motion.
Pain is most severe within the first 3-11 hours of onset.
When to Seek Medical Attention:
If you have a fever along with an inflamed and hot joint, seek immediate medical attention, as it may indicate an infection.
Preventive Measures:
Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water.
Manage sleep apnea, if applicable.
Maintain a healthy weight to lower uric acid levels.
Avoid medications that may trigger gout - consult your doctor.
Avoid alcohol and sugary drinks.
Quit smoking.
Exercise regularly, whether at a gym or through activities that suit you.
Include gout-friendly foods such as dark berries, green vegetables, brown rice, and whole-grain bread.
Consume more low-purine foods.
Avoid drugs that raise uric acid levels.
Take vitamin C supplements.
Manage stress effectively.
Managing Gout:
Elevate the affected joint to reduce swelling.
Apply an ice pack to cool and soothe the joint.
Stay hydrated to help flush out excess uric acid.
Use anti-inflammatory medications to alleviate pain (consult your doctor).
When to Seek Serious Medical Care
For those with chronic gout, professional medical care is essential to prevent long-term complications and joint damage.
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