The flu is a common viral infection that can be severe, especially for high-risk individuals. In India alone, there are over 10 million cases annually. The flu primarily affects the respiratory system, targeting the nose, throat, and lungs. It is caused by influenza viruses, which are classified into four types: A, B, C, and D.
Types of Influenza Viruses:
Influenza A - Also known as "bird flu", this strain is widespread among birds, mammals (such as pigs), and humans.
Influenza B & C - These primarily infect humans.
Influenza D - Found in pigs and cattle.
Common Signs and Symptoms of the Flu:
Fever
Cold sweats
Muscle aches
Chills
Cough (dry or with phlegm)
Sore throat
Runny nose
Nasal congestion
Headaches
Fatigue
Nausea
When to Seek Medical Help:
Shortness of breath.
Chest pain or pressure.
Confusion or loss of alertness.
Dehydration (e.g., not urinating).
Fever or cough that initially improves but then worsens.
How the Flu Spreads?
The flu is highly contagious and spreads easily from person to person. When an infected person coughs or sneezes, airborne virus particles can be inhaled by others, additionally, the flu virus can survive on surfaces for up to 24 hours, making indirect transmission possible through contaminated objects. Crowded places increase the risk of spreading the virus.
Preventive Measures:
Cover your mouth and nose in crowded places.
Get an annual flu vaccine.
Avoid close contact with infected individuals.
Wash hands regularly or use hand sanitiser.
Avoid touching your nose, eyes, and mouth.
Exercise regularly to strengthen immunity.
Maintain a healthy, balanced diet to support immune function.
Stay home until your fever has subsided for at least 24 hours without medication.
Quit smoking
Managing the Flu:
Get plenty of rest and stay home.
Drink fluids such as water, juices, and broth to stay hydrated.
Eat a light diet and avoid spicy or fried foods.
Inhale steam to relieve nasal congestion.
Flu Diagnosis and Treatment:
If you have severe symptoms, your doctor may diagnose the flu using Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests (RIDTs), which involve swabbing the nose or throat. In serious cases, antiviral medications may be prescribed. If your symptoms keep recurring despite treatment, you might have an underlying secondary condition requiring further medical evaluation.
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